In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to embargo all imports into China, including war supplies that were purchased from the US. In the 1930s, Japan expanded slowly into China, which led to the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. In addition, resentment was fanned in Japan by the rejection of the Japanese Racial Equality Proposal in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, as well as by a series of racist laws, which enforced segregation and barred Asian people (including Japanese) from citizenship, land ownership, and immigration to the US. The Japanese government saw it necessary to become a colonial power in order to be modern and therefore Western. Japan's fear of being colonized and the government's expansionist policies led to its own imperialism in Asia and the Pacific, as it sought to join the great powers, all of which were Western nations. The expansion of American territories in the Pacific had been a threat to Japan since the 1890s, but real tensions did not begin until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. War between the Empire of Japan and the United States was a possibility each nation's military forces had planned for after World War I. National Archives, 80-G-30549, 520599)Ī series of events led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Captured Japanese photograph taken aboard a Japanese carrier before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Decem(U.S. For more information, see Causes of World War II.
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